Pearl Essays - The Pearl, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Pearl Ever since Midas' lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbeck's "The Pearl" is a study of man's self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her son's endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the "Pearl of The World." she felt as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juana's husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a "sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought..." and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The fear that had mounted in Kino's body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. "It will destroy us all" she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had forgotten her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent enough to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before each medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services. Not once in his long career would he have dared refuse to aid a wealthy lawyer or noblemen. However when Kino and the group of money hungry peasants arrived at his door with a poisoned child he had refused them entry saying "Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for `little Indians'? I am a doctor, not a veterinary." for the doctor had known that the peasants hadn't any money. He had been to Paris and had enjoyed the splendors of the world, and therefore he wouldn't be seen dealing with the less fortunate as he knew that the less fortunate would surely always be just that-less fortunate. However it seemed that he had been stereotypical of the less fortunate, as he soon discovered when hearing of a great pearl discovered by the peasants who had knocked upon his door earlier that day. A hunger for wealth was what pushed him to visit the peasants house and aid their destitute son. However he had already ended Coyito's life without knowing he'd done so, for if he had administered aid to Coyito when they were first at the doctors door, Kino would have no reason to seek his fortune in the ocean, and would not be led down the road to hardships. One might think that a doctor, one who has the image of being passive, and caring should not stoop to such a level. When one is down on their luck, chances are they will turn to superstition in hope to acquire what it is that they would want to achieve. A good example of this would be a good luck charm such as a rabbit's foot. In La Paz the peasants were uneducated and probably had never heard of a superstition. The peasants only reliability, there only scapegoat was God. God had always been their to aid them in there times of need. The first reaction of Juana when seeing the scorpion is a good example of spirituality, rather than attempt to kill the scorpion she began to pray to

Earn an Ivy League Degree Online

Earn an Ivy League Degree Online Almost all of the eight ivy league universities offer some form of online courses, certificates, or degree programs. Find out how you can get a top-notch online education from Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, UPenn, or Yale. Brown Brown offers two blended (online plus face-to-face) degree programs. The  IE-Brown Executive MBA program  offers professionals the chance to get a global education over a 15-month period. MBA students work together online and have five week-long sessions in person. The in-person meetings are in Madrid, Spain; Brown University in Providence, United States; and Cape Town, Africa. The Executive Master of Healthcare Leadership degree is an accelerated program for healthcare professionals. The 16-month program requires online students to meet on campus between the start and end of each term – four times total. Brown also offers online pre-college courses for advanced learners in grades 9-12. Subjects such as â€Å"So, You Want to be a Doctor?† and â€Å"Writing for College and Beyond,† prepare students for their upcoming college experience. Columbia Through the Teacher’s College, Columbia offers online certificates in â€Å"Cognition and Technology,† â€Å"Designing Interactive Multimedia Instruction,† and â€Å"Teaching and Learning with Technology.† Students can also enroll in one of two fully online education Masters degrees. The Computing in Education M.A. helps educational professionals prepare to work with technology in schools. The Diabetes Education and Management M.S. prepares health care workers to educate and advocate for improved understanding about diabetes. The Columbia Video Network enables students to earn advanced engineering degrees from home. Virtual students have no residency requirements and have the same access to their professors as traditional students. Degrees available online include M.S. in Computer Science, M.S. in Electrical Engineering, M.S. in Engineering and Management Systems, M.S. in Materials Science, M.S. in Mechanical Engineering, P.D. in Computer Science, P.D. in Electrical Engineering, P.D. in Mechanical Engineering. Students may also take individual online courses in medicine and religion through Columbia’s online programs. Cornell Through the  eCornell program, students can take individual courses and earn certificates completely online. Multi-course certificate programs are available in fields such as Finance and Managerial Accounting, Healthcare, Hospitality and Food Services Management, Human Resources Management, Leadership and Strategic Management, Management Essentials, Marketing, Sales Leadership, Product Leadership and Systems Design, and Plant-Based Nutrition. eCornell courses are designed and taught by Cornell faculty. They have set start and end dates, but are taught asynchronously. Courses and certificates offer students continuing education credits. Dartmouth Dartmouth College has a very limited number of online options. Students can earn The Dartmouth Institute (TDI) Certificate in The Fundamentals of Value-Based Healthcare by completing six online courses. The courses are generally not available for those outside of the certificate program. Health professionals are required to view a limited number of one-hour live streaming sessions, which are usually conducted on Wednesdays. Presenters lecture on topics such as Health Care Finance, Shared Decision Making in Patient-Centered Care, Health Care Informatics, and Understanding the Implications of Variation. Harvard Through the Harvard Extension School, students can take individual online courses, earn certificates, or even earn a degree. The  Bachelor of Liberal Arts degree program allows students to earn an undergraduate degree with the guidance of top-notch professors. Potential students â€Å"earn their way in† by earning a grade of B or higher in three introductory courses. Students must complete four courses on campus, but the rest of the degree can be completed through online options. Degree candidates have access to a variety of Harvard resources including internships, seminars, and research assistance. The Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies in the  field of finance or general management degree can be earned by taking 12 courses. Four of these courses must be traditional or blended courses. For distance learning students, blended courses can be taken by traveling to campus for one-weekend session per course. Additional blended Masters programs are available in Psychology, Anthropology, Biology, English, and more. Most require some evening courses on campus. Graduate certificates can be earned fully online and enrollment is open (no application required). Harvard Extension certificates can be earned in the fields of management, sustainability and environmental management, science and information technology, and social sciences. Notable certificates include Business Communication, Cybersecurity, Nonprofit Management, Marketing Management, Green Building and Sustainability, Data Science, Nanotechnology, Legal Studies, and  Software Engineering. Princeton Sorry, online learners. Princeton isn’t offering any courses or degree programs completely online at this time. UPenn While the University of Pennsylvania doesn’t offer any fully online degrees or certificates, the Penn Online Learning Initiative allows students to take  individual courses. Online courses are offered in Arts and Sciences, Executive Education, Nursing, Dentistry, and also English Language Test Preparation. Generally, students interested in these courses will need to apply to the university as a visiting student. Yale Every year, Yale students enroll in virtual courses through Yale Summer Online. Current students or graduates from other colleges are also invited to enroll in these for-credit courses. The course sessions are five-weeks long, and students are required to participate in a weekly live video group meeting with faculty. Some of the class offerings include: Abnormal Psychology, Econometrics and Data Analysis I, Milton, Modern American Drama and Moralities of Everyday Life.

Essay 2 - see attachment for topic and readings

2 - see attachment for topic and readings - Essay Example This view divides cities by class into areas occupied by those who control the means of production i.e. the bourgeoisie as well as the proletariat who works for a living. The Marxist view of the development of cities certainly takes class very seriously as there are rich neighborhoods and poor areas which are demarcated quite strongly by the developments taking place in a city. With time, the changes in the development of the city took factories out of the city centers and moved them to the outer edges of the city limits. Gary, Indiana is used as an example of that occurrence and the cause given for this change is that the factory owners wanted to avoid the presence of unions on their factory floors. Unions were difficult to form and maintain outside the city limits therefore unions could be avoided in this manner and control over the workers could be maintained with a capitalist agenda (Gordon, 1978). The same ideas are supported by Harris & Lewis (2001) but they given other economic reasons for the changes in the cityscapes of North America. They suggest that polynucleation was the reason for these changes and this was caused by the diversification of population and the lack of availability of workers of one type or another in a given location. Low prices for land as well as labor also helped the cause of those manufacturers that were ready to offset the cost of moving their production units by gaining access to cheaper tools for producing their goods. Thus the reasons for the development of our cities as they have are not based on social theory, but rather an economic agenda. Perhaps the most important point made in the both the essays is the idea that technology will affect the development of cities in the future as it has done so in the past. For example, the advent of the automobile meant that people could easily cover a lot of distance on their own without the use of trains or other transport and that meant that they

Contrast Frank Lloyd Wright's Organic architecure and Le Corbusier's Essay

Contrast Frank Lloyd Wright's Organic architecure and Le Corbusier's International style of architecture in the 20th century - Essay Example Wright has taken the opportunity to guide and advise the architectural community on the importance of following the laws of nature on building procedures and main architectural styles. In his speech, he stated that organic architecture is the ideal form of designs that should be the trend in revolutionizing architecture and other building policies. He categorically explained that following the tradition and allowing it to spin into new building architectural designs. Modern architectures have taken on organic architecture concepts to develop new architectural designs. There structural designs are detailed and based on the environmental form and the surroundings of the buildings. Wright designed and implemented the building of the Winslow House in Illinois. Thereafter, he has had several other designs under his name. The Falling Water and Solomon Guggenheim Museums are some of his most celebrated designs the world over. Architectures can easily use new concrete formations to create ne w designs that are not linear or following a particular geometric dimension. The main design features allow for implementation of primitives such as wavy lines or contours which are not the traditional design primitives. The usual design primitives are normally geometrical and are widely used in architectural designs all over. Organic designs are flexible and easily adaptable to the environment. They are not easy to implement and many architectures have not adopted for its use. Wright’s design helped in the formulation of a new language that has been widely applied to architecture. He created a new design referred to as Prairie Style. This style was majorly affected by the way he utilized the spacing provided for the building. His main characteristic design was the freestanding house design that he covered by an overhanging roofing design. In the style he developed a plan to build a chimney in the middle of the house. Wright developed a plan to for a house that utilized a lot of open space that had been separated by from each other by simple architectural tools. The Prairie had a sloping roof that could be used to hold household items. The Style is mainly suitable for domestic home's architecture. The plan steered away from using walls and doors instead of the usual petitions (Frank Lloyd paragraph 3). The planning strategy was referred to as the open blueprint or plan. The selling point in this plan was the integration of nature with actual buildings. The concept of organic architecture is an essential conservatory strategy as it emphasizes on the preservation of the environment around buildings and main architectures. The use of organisms as part of a design was to inspire harmony of the two and relate them as a single unit. The design categories are made according to the defined functions of the organisms to be used. Wright's building designs emphasize the coexistence of the building designs and the organisms. Either of the two dictates the whole com plete design of a building. A design is complete with the implementation of both the designs, of the building and the organism in the surrounding. Le Corbusier International Architectural designs Le Corbusier was born and grew up in Switzerland before moving to France at the age of 29. He was passionate about architecture and had a notion that the designs that were present at that time were uninspiring.

Michelangelo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Michelangelo - Research Paper Example helangelo was born in 1475 to a middle class family, in Italy, where he became a trainee to a painter before pursuing his studies in sculpture gardens. His father was working as a magistrate in the small village of Caprese. His family moved to Florence where his mother got ill while he was an infant. He was placed under the care of a stone cutting family where his passion for art developed. Michelangelo was a committed student and admired the works of Dante (Hayun, 210). Michelangelo is renowned for his works, which include Pieta and David statutes and the Rome’s Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings. While still young, his father realized that he had little interest in the family’s financial businesses, and he agreed to put him under the training of the trendy Florentine painter’s workshop. This was after he developed an interest in watching the painters at the near churches, and drawing what he observed while in school. While still at school, Michelangelo was introd uced by his grammar school friend to Domenico Ghirlandaio, a painter (Hayun, 211). Later, while under training at the workshop, an unexpected opportunity begot Michelangelo. Ghirlandaio recommended him to attend Medici Gardens, in the palace of Florentine king Lorenzo, to study sculpture. This provided Michelangelo with a platform to have access to the social elites of Florence. In addition, this gave him a leeway to be taught by the respected and renowned sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni and other well-known scholars, poets and taught fellers (Lerner, 426). He also obtained significant authorization from the Catholic Church to examine cadavers for a deeper understanding of the human anatomy. However, this exposure to dead bodies had a significant effect on his health. With these mixtures of influences, groundwork for Michelangelo’s distinctive style was developed. His style was widely regarded as with a muscular exactitude and authenticity Mish mashed with an almost lyrical magnificence (Lerner,

Examining Real Estate Business In Bangladesh

Examining Real Estate Business In Bangladesh This research paper focuses on the marketing system of the real estate business in Bangladesh and also evaluates the market growth; as this rapidly growing business has become more popular in Bangladesh during the last fifteen years. For that reason this paper will firstly evaluate the real estate business culture in Bangladesh. Secondly the marketing system will be critically appraised and finally recommendation will be given on how to improve this business. Chapter 1: Introduction Today the real estate business is one of the fastest growing businesses in Bangladesh and it plays an important role in the Bangladeshi economy. This research paper focuses on the marketing system of the real estate business in Bangladesh. Presently Bangladesh is a developing and also over populated country. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. This city is very important for everything because everything is based on this city. For that reason this city is densely populated. From 1985 the concept of living in a flat has been started and also the real estate business has become more popular. The slogan used by the business is our creation your dream. This is a dream about someones home. This topic was chosen because many people know very little about Bangladesh and Bangladeshi business and because of my own interest and personal experience. This paper will firstly evaluate the real estate business culture in Bangladesh. Secondly the marketing system will be critically appraised. Finally recommendations will be given on how to improve this business. Chapter 2:Literature Review Bangladesh is a developing country, and as is common in many such countries, everything is centralized so every business based in Dhaka city. Now a days Dhaka is a overpopulated city. That is the main reason for the growth of real estate business, because people needs more house for living. More than 260 companies are working or doing business in Dhaka(According to REHAB 2004)Real Estate Housing Association of Bangladesh. So it is proof that real estate business is rapidly growing business in Bangladesh. This research paper focuses on marketing system of real estate business in Bangladesh. Today marketing is one of the important part for all kinds of business. It is true that if in the company marketing system is strong than the business of this is doing well. So here in this research paper will be evaluate some true marketing system of real estate business in Bangladesh. Because marketing starts with human needs and wants. People need food, air, water, clothing, and shelter to survive. Beyond this, people have a strong desire for recreation, education, and other services. They have strong preference for particular versions and brands of basic goods services. Kotler,P.(1998). Chapter 3:Methodlogy In this research my specific and investigating area is real estate business in Bangladesh. This research is totally literature based; in addition it will evaluate the marketing system of real estate business in Bangladesh. To make this research valid and reliable, I am trying to show the true marketing system in Bangladesh. It was difficult to find specific books in this area. This research would have been better if there had been time to do empirical research. It would have been appropriate to use questioners and interviews with the people who are working in the real estate business. This research could have also been more presentable if the questioners and interviews involved a large sample of real estate business in Bangladesh. However there was not too much time or resources to do this. This research paper hopes to show what kinds of marketing system the real estate companies are using in their business and what is their strategy for their products and their services for their target customers. Because Marketing is an orderly and insightful process for thinking about and planning for markets. The process starts with researching the market place and understand its dynamics. This marketing process involves segmenting with the market and choosing those target customer that the company can satisfy in a superior way.(Kotler.1998) Therefore in this research paper I evaluate the real estate business culture, critically appraise the real estate marketing system and recommend how to improve the growth rate of this business in Bangladesh. Chapter 4: Finding and Analysis Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and one of the most overpopulated city in the world. This city is home of more than 12.8 million people estimated as of 2008 according to the Dhaka City Corporation. This population is growing by an estimated 4.2% per year that is one of the highest rates in the Asian city. On the other hand according to Far Eastern Economic Review this city Dhaka will become a home of 25 million people by the year of 2025(Wikipedia).So day by day people are increasing and housing demand also increasing. So this is the main opportunity for real estate business. Because as a developing country is quite difficult for government to provide such a big fundamental needs like housing. As a result private real estate companies come forward to meet the needs of the increasing housing demand. Land development and construction of apartments is the concern of a real estate business. This business major construct area is residential and commercial buildings to sell them and make profit. Now this business is rapidly growing and one of the most popular business in Bangladesh. According to REHAB(Real Estate and Housing Association of Bangladesh,2004) in Dhaka there are 250 companies doing this business. This is show that what a rapidly increasing business. On the other hand this business also plays an important role in Bangladeshi economic. However most of the Bangladeshi real estate companies marketing system almost same. These marketing system based on four things: Thinking about apartments or housing. Level of income. Standard of living. Style of living. Most of the Bangladeshi real estate company applying this kinds of things for finding as a potential customer. On the other hand customer also classify by the real estate companies. Because housing is not a major problem for rich people but it is big problem for middle and lower income people. So companies are specially targeted middle income and lower income customers. Because a house is their ultimate dream for this kinds of customers. For that reason most of the real estate company investing lots of money for promoting their products for their target customers. Such as : Advertisement Newspaper, Television, Neon Sign Billboard Personal selling This is one of the major things to maintain good relation with the customers. On the other hand a number of employees are working for the company in indoor and outdoor for sales the particular products. Sales promotion Sales promotion is another important things for real estate company. Sometime the company offers discount, Gifts, service price off and many other things for selling their products. Publicity Buy on instalments Size start with 750sft to 1800 sft.(square Feet) This is the marketing system of real estate business in Bangladesh. Chapter5:Conclusion Bangladeshi real estate business is one of the most profitable and popular business. If real estate companies have liabilities about their customers than government have also some liabilities about this business. So government needs take necessary steps or roles to protect this business. Every year the Bangladeshi government earns approximately more than 1500 core taka as a revenue. On the other hand more than 25laks people are working with this industry REHAB(Real Estate and Housing Association of Bangladesh) in 2008. So this is show that the growth rate of the real estate business in Bangladesh. However the marketing system is a process which can be improve day by day with proper market research and strong marketing planning. So real estate companies needs to find out the potential buyers and strong relationship with their customers. It can be very effective to selling their product for their target customers. Chapter 6:Recommendations However now real estate business is very popular in Bangladesh but most of the companies do not have proper market research and marketing plan. Because most of companies do not have longer period marketing plan. So most of the Bangladeshi real estate company needs proper marketing research which start with planning well in advance of the implementation, analysis, management review, and good coordination between customers. In addition most of the Bangladeshi real estate companies needs strong customer care. Because this business totally customer based. All marketing strategy is built on STP-Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning. A company discovers different needs and groups in the marketplace, targets those needs and groups that it can satisfy in a superior way, and then positions its offering so that the target market recognizes the companys distinctive offering and image.(P.Kotler,K.L.Keller,2006) So this marketing strategy can improve the real estate business in Bangladesh. Chapter 7:Reflections of learning In this research paper I am learning lots of things such as how to write a research paper in a right order. Because this is my first research paper. When I started my research I was facing lots of difficulties but day by day I learn lots of things about a research paper and how to write it. May be in my research paper I have lots of errors and mistakes. But I know that it is all about learning process because this learning process helps me lots in my future studies .In addition I wants to thanks International Study Canter and specially my course teacher because they are deign such an important course for the students who wants to study in the postgraduates level. Appendices Committed to PEOPLES RIGHT TO KNOW Vol. 5 Num 50 Fri. July 16, 2004 Business Rehab housing fair in New York next month Star Business Report In a bid to promote the countrys housing and real estate business by wooing Bangladeshis living in the US, the Real Estate and Housing Association of Bangladesh (Rehab) is going to organise a five-day housing fair next month in New York.The event titled Rehab-Biponon Housing Fair 2004 will begin on August 19 at Quality Hotel Hampstead in New York city. Rehab is organising the fair in association with Biponon, a US-based marketing company.Describing the objectives of the fair, Rehabs Senior Executive Member Ziaul Ahsan said the fair would encourage expatriates to build their houses in Bangladesh as well as attract foreign investors to the country. Through this fair, the expatriates will get the opportunity to know all about the housing business in Bangladesh, he said. We think if they know about our real estate sector, they will move to invest in the sector.Ahsan said the exhibition would contribute to earning more remittance from the US and making more foreign investment in the count rys real estate sector.A total of 29 Rehab member companies will take part in the fair. They are Building Technology and Ideas Ltd, Hamid Real Estate Construction Ltd, Sheltech (Private) Ltd, Eastern Housing Ltd, East West Property Development Private Ltd, Latif Real Estate Ltd, Bosoti Consortium Ltd, Suvastu Development Ltd, Hasan and Associates Ltd, Amin Mohammad Group, Rangs Properties Ltd, Tropical Homes Ltd, Building for Future Ltd, Ena Properties Ltd, Concord Real Estate and Building Products Ltd, Brac Concord Lands Ltd, Bangladesh Development Company Ltd, Borak Real Estate (Private) Ltd, Living Stone Ltd, Equity Property Development Private Ltd, Japan Garden City Ltd, Al-Hasan Developers Ltd, NM Housing Ltd, Sumona Private Ltd, Rupayon Housing Estate Ltd, Mega Builders Ltd, Assurance Develop-ments Ltd, Building Development and Design Ltd and Crescent Holdings Ltd. According to Rehab, its 145 members delivered 70,000 to 80,000 apartment units to their customers in last 20 year s. Besides, they have been delivering 4,000 to 6,000 plots a year.The Rehab statistics show the annual turnover of the real estate sector amounts to Tk 7,500 crore and the government earns Tk 700 crore in revenue a year from the sector. About 15 lakh skilled and unskilled labourers are working in this sector. Example: Published On: 2007-11-25 Business REHAB fair ends with commitment to lower cost urban housing Sumon Salah Uddin A salesperson (right) busy briefing a visitor at a stall at the annual REHAB housing fair that concluded yesterday in Dhaka. Photo: STAR Real estate companies yesterday pledged to develop lower cost urban housing solutions in order to meet the growing demands for affordable homes in the capital. This is the right time to shift our focus to lower cost apartments instead of luxury flats, said Mohammad Zakir Hossain, senior sales executive of Rangs Properties.According to Hossain, developers are now planning most of their new projects targeting middle class people who make between Tk 20,000 and Tk 40,000 a month. Talking to The Daily Star on the final day of the 5-day housing fair organised by the Real Estate Housing Association of Bangladesh, Hossain said his company currently has no apartment of less than 1450 square feet in size. However, the management is planning new projects to meet the growing demands for smaller flats within the price range of Tk 15 lakh to Tk 20 lakh. A number of factors, including soaring construction costs and the governments drive against black money, have contributed to a sharp fall in the s ale of apartments, which are down around 50 percent so far this year, according to REHAB. Hossain said proper urban policy and the right public infrastructure are necessary to build lower cost housing, especially in the suburbs. The land price in the central areas of big cities is so high that it is often hard to keep the apartment price low. If the government builds proper infrastructure like highways and a good public transport system, developers will start to build lower cost housing projects in the suburban areas, he said. Eastern Housing Ltd, a developer of plots for urban housing, said it didnt have any more land plots to sell. All the plots in our land projects are sold out. We are now introducing two new mid-sized apartment projects in the capitals Kamalapur and Panthapath areas, said Mohammad Farhaduzzaman, assistant manager of the company. Aminul Islam Tareq, senior marketing executive of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd, said the company had received a huge response from potent ial customers at the show. The response was more than expected, thanks to our newer projects in Uttara and Mirpur, he said, adding that Rupayan recently started building smaller apartments to attract customers from mid-income earners who cannot afford to pay more than Tk 30 lakh. Despite the slump in the real estate sector, there was little evidence of a lack of enthusiasm among the crowds at the jam-packed fair.While the focus was on the lower cost solutions a few luxury developers could be found, one such being Building Technology Ideas (bti) Ltd, who said their primary focus would still be on luxury living. We just got approval for 10-storied projects in Gulshan and Banani areas under the Building Construction Rules 2007. Our focus still remains on exclusive privacy, environmental friendliness and more space, said an executive of the company.

Physiological Effects of Ventolin :: essays research papers

Physiological Effects of Ventolin Ventolin is a brand name of the drug albuterol sulfate HFA, and its generic name is adrenergic bronchodilator. It is mostly taken as an inhalator, but can also be taken as tablets or syrup. It treats the symptoms of bronchospasms. Bronchospasm is an abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi, narrowing and obstructing the respiratory airway, resulting in coughs, wheezing or difficulty in breathing. The chief cause of this condition is asthma, although it may also be caused by respiratory infection, chronic lung disease or an allergic reaction to chemicals. The mucosa lining of the trachea may become irritated and inflamed, which secretes mucus, causing it to be caught in the bronchi and triggers coughing. On the handouts, there are three different pictures of the inside of the trachea, showing the difference between a normal healthy trachea, and inflamed one and another with a mucus plug from the left main bronchus. These pictures were taken from the internet, with the address on the handout. A Ventolin inhalator is breathed in through the mouth to open up the bronchial tubes of the lungs. It relaxes the smooth muscles of all the airways, from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles. Ventolin also clears the mucus in the bronchi, making it easier for patients to breathe and reduces coughing. For Ventolin to work optimally, situations that may trigger an asthma attack must be avoided. These situations include exercising in cold, dry air; smoking; breathing in dust; and exposure to allergens such as pet fur or pollens. Relating to the case study, a few of these may apply to the patient, such as exercising in the cold morning air and perhaps breathing in dust and allergens such as pollens or maybe from the eucalyptus in the Blue Mountains might have had an effect on his condition. There are two forms of bronchodilators, a short acting and a long acting form. Short acting relieves or stops asthma symptoms and is very helpful during an attack. They are also called ‘rescue’ medications because they are best for treating sudden or severe asthma symptoms. Long acting bronchodilators are used to control asthma, they take longer to work but they also last longer, up to 12 hours, whereas a short acting would only last for about 4-5 hours. Ventolin is a short acting form, it is the recommended medication to use 15-20 mins before exercising.

Critical Criminology

CHAPTER 1 CRIME THEORY: CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY There could be different reasons of increasing crimes. One of the obvious reasons is poverty and social injustice. Most of the people engaged in crime either don’t have proper source of income or they are socially discriminated. So the main reason of crime is poverty and social injustice. Most of the places with high poverty and social injustice have high crime rate (Jerry, 1995). The most important policy implications that would be most successful in reducing crime and/or rehabilitating convicted offenders in long term are critical criminology theories. In critical criminology crimes are defined in terms of domination. That is if some class or group is dominant than they can make social concept lawful and unlawful. Lower class, single parent women, poor people and minorities mainly suffer due to domination factor by others (Hopkin, 2001). 1. 1 Broad Problem Area: â€Å"Importance of Critical Criminology in Reducing Crimes† Justice system around the world is not strong enough to reduce crimes. So we need alternative approach through which criminals can become useful and productive member of the society. It’s not easy to completely change justice system but it’s not difficult to make criminals better citizens as well. Critical criminology is an effective way to reduce social injustice and crimes. Concept of critical criminology came in late sixties and early seventies. It mainly deals with the dominative and differential relation between different groups on the basis of demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, minorities, cultures, values and social groups. This culture and social diversity was created due to migrations and human nature. Social indifferences are another form of injustice. It’s important to support these peoples who are being discriminated (Bauman and Tester, 2001). According to Wikipedia Encyclopedia, in critical criminology the scope of crimes is defined differently on the basis of social circumstances and time period of their occurrence. Critical criminology is somewhat different from basic study of criminology that deals with criminals and their behaviors. The basic idea of critical criminology is that the social and past trends would define whether some thing is unlawful or not at given time. There could be different things that are considered to be unlawful in past but now they are lawful and same goes with those things which are lawful in past but now they are unlawful. Such as marriage of homosexuals was considered to be unlawful in past but now with the passage of time societies are accepting this and making laws to protect marriages of homosexuals. This is not possible that all the studies on crimes are dealing with modern social life but they are some way connected to the present (Garland, 1999). There could be different theories that could emerges from critical criminology such as conflict theories, feminist theories, & postmodern and peacemaking theories. A conflict theory of criminology is not accepted largely by criminologist because they think conflict theories don’t address the criminal activities in socialist and capitalist societies. Feminist theories define that crime done by males and crimes done by females should be viewed differently. They give new aspect to criminology on the basis of gender. Critical criminologists have different views and way of resolving crimes. These two theories are mainly recognized around the world. Main emphasis is given to relation between criminals and societies. Even feminist criminologists don’t properly represent gender prospective and take back their views after failure of other criminologists (Van, 1997). There is a difference between critical criminology and conventional criminology. Conventional criminology is not dealing with activities which are affecting life of thousands of people such as politicians’ decisions that could affect millions of people, corporate scandals that affected thousands of workers, stock market manipulations that affected thousand of investors and also discriminations of minorities that have no end. Conventional laws do not answer these structural disparities that helps dominate group to take advantage of it. Conventional criminology is dealing with state defined crimes but not the crimes that are harming society ocially (Stephen, 1983). Criminologists working to find ways to resolve or to reduce crimes are not able to identify or not able to provide any authentic procedures to resolve crimes (Braithwaite, 1998). And also they didn’t even give importance to issues or difference created due to power and state (Cunneen and White 1996). This is still a claim that critical craniologist are more inclined towards gaining some pos ition and recognition rather than actually doing some thing for society to protect human rights and to promote justice in society. Since 1960, activists in human rights and social justice are molding progress in critical criminology theory. There is a relation between criminologists and social & human right moments (Braithwaite, 1989). Critical criminologist overstates the crime problem in society. Instead of removing the mystery that crimes are not their and its media created etc. they should accept crimes as a dilemma of powerless. They must not criticize criminal system by keeping this fact in mind that it is created by undue protection given to the privileged class. There is a cause effect relationship between crimes and poverty, racism, discrimination, social injustice, racisms etc. Critical criminoloiges must keep this in mind while evaluating crimes. However, critical criminology and traditional criminology should not work in different ways rather they should work together in the same way. (Cohen, 1998). 1. 2 Problem Statement: â€Å"Is Critical thinking is helpful to reduce crimes and able to reduce social injustice from society†. 1. 3 Purpose & Significance of Study The main purpose of this study is to identify the importance of critical criminology in order to reduce crimes. This study will also identify other ways to reduce crimes and their effectiveness. And it will also explain what factors are responsible for crimes. This study will help policy makers and law enforcing agencies to avoid crimes by using proper critical criminology theories. 1. 4 Research Questions The aim of this research is to study, 1) How do people perceive that critical criminology can reduce crimes? 2) How do people perceive the role of critical criminology in order to reduce injustice from society? ) How do people perceive that critical criminology approach is better way to reduce crime rather than conventional criminology approach? 1. 5 Theoretical Diagram In this diagram crimes reduction is dependent variable which depend on critical criminology that is independent variable. Critical Criminology method that properly identify social injustices that could change offend er future behavior towards crime and society support to accept these people as a useful member of society are intervening variable. These variables can assure the effectiveness of counseling treatment to reduce crimes. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Intervening Variable CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the basic methodology and requirement in research. It includes the methods of research, the respondents and their description, sources of data, the sets of research instruments that were used, the treatment of data, and the statistical tools, which were used in this study. 2. 1 Method of the Study: The research utilized the descriptive method in acquiring information for evaluation and analysis. The descriptive survey was the general rocedure employed in a study that has for its chief purposes the description of the phenomena that is importance of critical criminology theory in reducing crimes from society by providing social injustice. 2. 2 Sample, Type of Questionnaire, & Treatment of Data: The population for this research study was the general public. A random sample of 50 was taken from different places and different groups such as law enforcing agencies, c ommunity, criminologist etc. Researcher selected probability sampling, because every person had an equal chance of being selected. The survey questionnaire seeks the perception of the respondents with respect to factors important for crime reduction. In order to analyze the information given in the questionnaires, Likert scale had been applied in question 1 to question 9. The purpose is to evaluate effectiveness of counseling in crime reduction. 2. 3 Validation of the questionnaire: It was deemed necessary to revalidate the questionnaire to find out the clarity of the questions being asked as well as their relevance to the problems formulated. The validation of the questionnaire was done through the comments and suggestion by respondent. And also validation and reliability of research instrument used to get information that is questionnaire is done by implementing it to different places and same results were extracted from every place. 2. 4 Statistical Tools: Researcher used frequency and percentage distribution to determine the relationships of the variables and give clear and reliable analysis and interpretation of the data. The formula is; % = F/N ? 100 % = percentage F = frequency N = number of respondent CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS, FINDINGS & CONCLUSION 3. 1 Questionnaire Analysis: Respondent responded in the following way: Topic Based on Questionnaire |Highly Disagree | Disagree | Moderately | |Highly Agree | | | | | |Agree | | |Critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority |11% |18% |25% |42% |4% | |and low social class group | | | | | | |Critical criminology theory is important to reduce social |0% |0% |14% |57% |29% | |differences | | | | | | |Main reason of increasing crime rate is soci al injustice |3% |10% |21% |40% |26% | |Critical criminology is playing important role in order to |11% |28% |31% |26% |4% | |highlight social injustices | | | | | | |Critical criminology is different from conventional |29% |36% |19% |10% |6% | |criminology | | | | | | |There is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist |18% |24% |21% |30% |7% | |Critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice |17% |19% |23% |35% |6% | |system that it supports to powerful class | | | | | | Social movement regarding human rights and social justice is |0% |0% |9% |55% |36% | |supporting critical criminologist | | | | | | |Critical criminologists are working for their recognition |26% |37% |21% |10% |6% | |rather than to support social injustice | | | | | | 3. 2 Findings & Conclusion: On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded that critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority and low social class group and critical criminology theory is i mportant to reduce social differences †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent agreed on a statement that main reason of increasing crime rate is social injustice and critical criminology is playing important role in order to highlight social injustices †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded moderately agreed on a statement that critical criminology is different from conventional criminology and there is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded that critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice system that it supports to powerful class and social movement regarding human rights and social justice is supporting critical criminologist. In these days societies are giving more focus to crime, victimization, regulation, punishment, with respect to human rights, equity, social justice, well being of the community, and globaliz ation. More activists are taking interest in decreasing discrimination and imbalances in societies. They are trying to gather more people to take action for the betterment of society and this will affect both antiestablishment and establishment criminologies. If model of Mutualism develops with the same pace than critical criminologists have to revise their studies and ways to resolve crimes. They have to establish the relation between antiestablishment and establishment criminologies not for individual but for the society. Now societies are moving from equal rights and equal justice to human rights and social justice due to social movement to protect rights. References: Bauman, Z. , & Tester, K. (2001). Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman. Cambridge: Polity Press. Braithwaite, J. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Braithwaite, J. 1998. Reducing the Crime Problem: A Not So Dismal Criminology. The New Criminology Revisited, London: Macmillan. Chan, J. 1996. Crime Prevention and the Lure of Relevance. Australian and New Zealand. Journal of Criminology, 27(1): 25-9. Cunneen, C. , and White, R. 1996. Juvenile Justice: An Australian Perspective. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Garland, D. (1999). The Commonplace and the Catastrophic. Theoretical Criminology, 3(3), pp. 353-64. Hopkins, B. R. (2001). An Introduction to Criminological Theory. Cullompton: Willan pg. 173 Jerry, B. (1995). Crime Control: We the People. Radio broadcasts. North Coast XPress. Stephen, B. 1983. Power & Crime. Van, S. R. (1997). Critical Criminology: Visions from Europe. London: Sage Wikipedia Encyclopedia. Critical Criminology. 2008. Retrieved on 12 July 2008 from http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Critical_criminology QUESTIONNAIRE: RESEARCH PAPER CRIME THEORY: CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY Direction: Please indicate the degree of importance as perceived by you, by putting a tick mark opposite to each of the number item showing the degree of perception. Scale |Weights | |Highly Disagree |1 | |Disagree |2 | |Moderately |3 | |Agree |4 | |Highly Agree |5 | 1) At what extent do you think critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority and low social class group? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 2) At what extent do you think critical criminology theory is important to reduce so cial differences? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 3) At what extent do you think main reason of increasing crime rate is social injustice? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 4) At what extent do you think critical criminology is playing important role in order to highlight social injustices? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 5) At what extent do you think critical criminology is different from conventional criminology? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6) At what extent do you think there is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 7) At what extent do you think critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice system that it supports to powerful class? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 ) At what extent do you think social movement regarding human rights and social justice is supporting critical criminologist? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 9) At what extent do you think critical criminologists are working for their recognition rather than to support social injustice? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 ———————– Critical Criminology CRIMES REDUCTION Feminist Theory Conflict Theory Postmodern & Peacemaking Theories

Biography of Polycarp, Christian Bishop and Martyr

Biography of Polycarp, Christian Bishop and Martyr Polycarp (60-155 CE), also known as Saint Polycarp, was a Christian bishop of Smyrna, the modern city of Izmir in Turkey. He was an Apostolic father, meaning he was a student of one of the original disciples of Christ; and he was known to other important figures in the early Christian church, including Irenaeus, who knew him as a youth, and Ignatius of Antioch, his colleague in the Eastern Catholic church. His surviving works include a Letter to the Philippians, in which he quotes the Apostle Paul, some of which quotes appear in the books of the New Testament and the Apocrypha. Polycarps letter has been used by scholars to identify Paul as the probable writer of those books. Polycarp was tried and executed as a criminal by the Roman empire in 155 C.E., becoming the 12th Christian martyr in Smyrna; the documentation of his martyrdom is an important document in the history of the Christian church. Birth, Education, and Career Polycarp was likely born in Turkey, about 69 C.E. He was a student of the obscure disciple John the Presbyter, sometimes considered to be the same as John the Divine. If John the Presbyter was a separate apostle, he is credited with writing the book of Revelations. As Bishop of Smyrna, Polycarp was a father figure and mentor to Irenaeus of Lyons (ca 120–202 C.E.), who heard his preachings and mentioned him in several writings. Polycarp was a subject of the historian Eusebius (ca 260/265–ca 339/340 C.E.), who wrote about his martyrdom and connections with John. Eusebius is the earliest source separating out John the Presbyter from John the Divine. Irenaeus Letter to the Smyrneans is one of the sources recounting Polycarps martyrdom. Martyrdom of Polycarp The Martyrdom of Polycarp or Martyrium Polycarpi in Greek and abbreviated MPol in the literature, is one of the earliest examples of the martyrdom genre, documents which recount the history and legends surrounding a particular Christian saints arrest and execution. The date of the original story is unknown; the earliest extant version was composed in the early 3rd century. Polycarp was 86 years old when he died, an old man by any standard, and he was the bishop of Smyrna. He was considered a criminal by the Roman state because he was a Christian. He was arrested at a farmhouse and taken to the Roman amphitheater in Smyrna where he was burned and then stabbed to death. Mythic Events of the Martyrdom Supernatural events described in MPol include a dream Polycarp had that he would die in flames (rather than being torn apart by lions), a dream that MPol says was fulfilled. A disembodied voice emanating from the arena as he entered entreated Polycarp to be strong and show yourself a man. When the fire was lit, the flames did not touch his body, and the executioner had to stab him; Polycarps blood gushed out and put out the flames. Finally, when his body was found in the ashes, it was said to have not been roasted but rather baked as bread; and a sweet aroma of frankincense was said to have arisen from the pyre. Some early translations say a dove rose out of the pyre, but there is some debate about the accuracy of the translation. With the MPol and other examples of the genre, martyrdom was being shaped into a highly public sacrificial liturgy: in Christian theology, the Christians were Gods choice for martyrdom who were trained for the sacrifice. Martyrdom as Sacrifice In the Roman empire, criminal trials and executions were highly structured spectacles that dramatized the power of the state. They attracted mobs of people to see the state and criminal square off in a battle that the state was supposed to win. Those spectacles were intended to impress on the minds of the spectators how powerful the Roman Empire was, and what a bad idea it was to attempt to go against them. By turning a criminal case into a martyrdom, the early Christian church emphasized the brutality of the Roman world, and explicitly converted the execution of a criminal into a sacrifice of a holy person. The MPol reports that Polycarp and the writer of the MPol considered Polycarps death a sacrifice to his god in the Old Testament sense. He was bound like a ram taken out of a flock for sacrifice and made an acceptable burnt-offering unto God. Polycarp prayed that he was happy to have been found worthy to be counted among the martyrs, I am a fat and acceptable sacrifice. Epistle of St. Polycarp to the Philippians The only surviving document known to have been written by Polycarp was a letter (or perhaps two letters) he wrote to the Christians at Philippi. The Phillippians had written to Polycarp and asked him to write an address to them, as well as to forward a letter they had written to the church of Antioch, and to send them any epistles of Ignatius he might have. The importance of Polycarps epistle is that it explicitly ties the apostle Paul to several pieces of writing in what would eventually become the New Testament. Polycarp uses expressions such as as Paul teaches to quote several passages which are today found in different books of the New Testament and the Apocrypha, including Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, 1 Peter, and 1 Clement. Sources Ari, Bryen. Martyrdom, Rhetoric, and the Politics of Procedure. Classical Antiquity 33.2 (2014): 243–80. Print.Bacchus, Francis Joseph. St. Polycarp. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York City: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Print.Berding, Kenneth. Polycarp of Smyrnas View of the Authorship of 1 and 2 Timothy. Vigiliae Christianae 53.4 (1999): 349–60. Print.Moss, Candida R. On the Dating of Polycarp: Rethinking the Place of the Martyrdom of Polycarp in the History of Christianity. Early Christianity 1.4 (2010): 539–74. Print.Norris, Frederick W. Ignatius, Polycarp, and I Clement: Walter Bauer Reconsidered. Vigiliae Christianae 30.1 (1976): 23–44. Print.Pionius, Alexander Roberts, and James Donaldson. [English Translation of ]the Martyrdom of Polycarp. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Eds. Roberts, Alexander, James Donaldson and A. Cleveland Coxe. Vol. 1. Buffalo, New Yokr: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888 Print.Thompson, Leonard L. The Martyrdom of Pol ycarp: Death in the Roman Games. The Journal of Religion 82.1 (2002): 27–52. Print.

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essays

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essays Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn

Hospitality strategic marketing midterm exam Term Paper

Hospitality strategic marketing midterm exam - Term Paper Example More importantly, she has to show the uniqueness of the product such that they would appeal to all the age groups living within the surrounding residential area. Dessert can be seen as something that is minor but the way it is presented to the potential customers will make a big change if properly marketed. The positioning of the bakery is very strategic it will be located in Thayer Street which is mainly comprised of pedestrians who live in the trendy neighbourhood on the East side of Providence where the residents are generally wealthy. Given that the other competitors do not specialise in this product, she can capitalise on this advantage given that there are likely chances of getting buyers from the overally wealthy residents who live nearby. The residents in the neighbourhood are predominantly wealthy year round residents as well as students from Brown University and Rhode Island School of design. Indeed, dessert can be seen as luxury but in most cases, wealthy people are fascinated by flashy and unique things that can also be used to serve the purpose of asserting their status in society. When launching a product, the most important thing to consider is that the new item in the market has to be unique and it also has to appeal to a wide number of people. Since this is a new produ ct in the market, it is likely to appeal to a number of potential customers if the image and message are clear to the customers. She has to communicate the benefits that can be derived from consumption of the product. 3. Strydom (2004), defines segmentation as the division of a heterogeneous market into fairly homogeneous subsets or segments of customers who normally have similar needs and likely to respond in a similar way to the market offering. Basically, geo-demographic segmentation converges geography and demographics of a particular group

French Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

French Politics - Research Paper Example Sarko represents UMP (Union pour un mouvement populaire). He is neo-liberal, authoritarian, pro-American and pro-Israeli. Except for Socialist Francois Mittereand's 14 years reign, France has been ruled by right wing forces since 1958 when Charles de Gaulle ushered in the new Republican regime. Paving the way for the electoral victory of the 52-year old leader of the French Right were the simultaneous decomposition of the French Left and Sarkozy's successful unification of the three streams of the Right - neoliberal, national and fascist. When Sarkozy became "Monsieur le President de la Republique," the 23rd French chief of state, the sixth since the new Constitution of 1958 that initiated the Fifth Republic of France, his true intentions for promised new directions were still ambiguous. Upon the election of Nicolas Sarkozy there was a strong current in the media - both in France and internationally - claiming that "things had changed". Sarkozy, it was said, was the man who would cut back the "gluttonous" French state, "modernising" the economy by curbing the power of the unions and replacing the France of the 35-hour-week with a new more "flexible" culture that valued "hard work". French workers had to prepare for Sarkozy's onslaught. As we have seen with November's rail strikes, university occupations and rioting in the suburbs, resistance to Sarkozy is deep-rooted. Some activists have used the catch-cry "Sarko-facho" ("Sarkozy-fascist"); portrayed him as nothing but a lickspittle of George Bush; or, as the Iranian media now have it, a Mossad agent. Yet most of the French President's pronouncements seem to be in tune with the anti-working class, conservative and authoritarian political tradition of General de Gaulle. On the other hand, Sarkozy's underlining of great national objectives means distancing France from the spirit of liberal free trade. The French Left accuses Sarkozy of being authoritarian and of unstable character. The Left's electoral campaign early this year aimed at trying to rouse his ire and demonstrate his incapacity of leading la douce France. The crude reality is that while the French Left claims a monopoly on morality, the political Right dominates this largely conservative, extremely traditional nation. We only have to think back to spring 2006 when the previous UMP [Gaullist] government attempted to introduce the CPE law to undermine young workers' job stability, or 2005 when it backed the EU Constitution. The continuity in the history of the French right is examined in some detail in the latest issue of the Ni Patrie ni Frontires journal*, which devotes some 62 pages to assessing the character of so-called "Sarkozyism". Sarkozy has taken on great personal power, setting great store by his own image and casting himself as somewhat of a national saviour, in the mould of de Gaulle or a Napoleon. The assertion that Sarkozy represents an